Turbocharger: function, Tuning & Defects. Important facts turbocharger

A new car comes out, hardly without a turbocharger, if it is to meet the demands of high performance, efficiency, and environmental protection. Let's take a close look at the compressor and explain the most important facts to function, Tuning, and possible Defects.

Who nowadays wants to buy a new car, comes around hardly to an engine with a turbocharger. Whether it's gasoline or Diesel: The compressors have become an integral part of modern drives. Reason enough to deal in more detail, with their function and care. The concept of turbocharging is over 100 years old, because already in 1905, the Swiss inventor Alfred Buchi applied for a Patent for the exhaust gas charging. However, because the necessary materials were lacking, it was Auguste Rateau, endowed in 1913, for the first time, an aircraft with a turbocharger. Two years later, Buchi self-built ship is the prototype of a diesel engine with compressor. After the turbocharger has found his way into Motorsport and the first production Cars, they are indispensable now. Just diesel engines not come without an additional compressor on the performance of a gasoline engine. Where the exhaust gas charging, but earlier, before all the driving fun through more performance served, it is essential today in order to make petrol and diesel engines more environmentally friendly.

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Facts to the turbocharger in the Video:

Function, Tuning and Defects of the turbocharger

The function of the turbocharger makes it possible to increase the power and torque of a motor, while the mechanical components remain the same. This is the only way the Downsizing Trend, as it is booming just will have to take that at all possible without sacrificing performance. Only with Turbo-charging is a really weak one-liter can Shine three-cylinder with 90 HP, but at the same time lower fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Therefore, the turbocharger is also becoming more common in small-displacement petrol engines. Of the various loader types, the so-called VTG the most common are:-turbocharger with variable turbine blades for use – especially in the case of diesel engines. The first variable-geometry turbocharger in a gasoline engine was installed in the Porsche 911 Turbo. Biturbo ("twin Turbo") are also growing in popularity. A fairly new development is the electric compressor: Here is an E-loader in addition to the conventional turbo technology, which, even at low engine speeds, a stable load pressure is available, and so early on, a high torque is achieved. This type of the turbocharger, for example, in the current four-litre V8 TDI in the Audi SQ7 to use.

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Function of an electric Biturbo in the Video:

Because of increasingly stringent exhaust emission guidelines for new product ranges and the resultant Downsizing of the turbocharger is becoming more and more commonplace, we have summarized the most important answers to questions about the function and care of the compressor:

How does the turbo-charger?The function of a turbocharger is based on the simple principle that the power of an internal combustion engine increases, if a larger amount of air (oxygen) for combustion. The Turbo power is nothing else than the engine a larger air mass than he can self-suck. This is compressed in a compressor air directly into the intake of the cylinder tract directed. To drive the compressor of the exhaust-gas turbocharger uses the hot exhaust gases from the engine Through the conversion of thermal into kinetic energy of a turbine wheel is operated. This is on a shaft with a compressor wheel and puts this in motion. By the Rotation of air fresh in the compressor, which is then compressed to the engine.

What is a turbo lag?Since the exhaust gases are not sufficient in low speed ranges, the turbine wheel of the turbocharger, the power and so the compressor is sufficient load to build up pressure, the full effect of the turbocharger, only in the middle speed ranges. Since the amount of injected fuel is adjusted to the load pressure, it feels for the driver, as the car would only accelerate sluggish (turbo lag). In today's popular turbocharger, the VTG-turbocharger, eliminates this turbo lag by means of adjustable vanes at the Turbine almost completely. The turbine blades adjust to the respective speed range, thereby providing a high torque of the turbines is also made possible at low speeds. Unlike the twin-turbo of the turbo hole with two turbochargers: a small high-pressure turbocharger low-speed areas, and a low-pressure turbocharger for the high speed ranges is working. The electric Biturbo, the small loader is supported in addition by an electric motor.

What is the difference between turbocharger and supercharger is that?The compressor works similar to the turbo-charger: by compression of the intake air. However, he is right about  chain, belt or gear transmission connected with the engine and is driven from him. Due to the mechanical drive of the compressor has the advantage that it is responsive even at low speeds immediately. By the VTG-technology and the use of two Turbos, eliminates this Problem when exhaust gas turbocharger, however, to the extent possible. In addition, it is due to the exhaust gas-use more efficiently than the compressor.

What is the life expectancy of a turbocharger is?Where the turbocharger used to be still vulnerable to problems and extremely in need of care, are the modern turbochargers are more robust and have a life span equivalent to that of a motor. However, it should be ensured that the service requirements of the manufacturer are followed. The means regular and proper Oil and filter change. Who would long benefit from his turbo engine, it should also change not settings. In General, the compressors are configured from the factory for optimum performance for the respective motors. For example, if the load pressure is increased, the Motor may be damaged seriously.

What Tuning by means of a turbocharger means?When Tuning by the installation of a pre-existing non-turbocharger, it is important to note a few things. In most cases, the gear in a specialist workshop is required. Prior to the installation of the turbo is to check whether all the components in the engine the more power. The fuel quantity must be adapted to the additional amount of air which the turbocharger pushes into the combustion chambers (cylinders). In the best case, the exhaust passage must be optimized, since modern naturally aspirated engines are adapted to the back pressure in the exhaust system. The turbo engine, the rule to be removed: the sooner and The more exhaust, the better. Caution: In a Motor via loader prevail higher combustion temperatures, which are also from the set charging pressure-dependent filled. Right the higher the charge pressure/filling ratio is, in part, the higher the performance is. The life of all in the origin of existing motor parts, however, will be severely shortened. At this point, it is necessary to find a Compromise, between performance and life.

The largest defect susceptibility: Quick Tuning of the turbo motor can be achieved via the boost pressure. The ability to increase using very simple means, the load pressure, to generate considerably more power, is for most of the engines without further measures is advisable. Also, the use of a more powerful loader (to replace the original loader) has only limited benefits. The response behavior can be favored, however, a vote and the setting on the Motor should always be made by one skilled in the art.

What kind of care loader needs a turbo?Lubrication by Oil is the turbocharger. After starting the engine it takes about 30 seconds, until the Oil has evenly distributed and the compressor is lubricated, therefore, should be avoided during this time, the high-speed areas. Similarly, when Stopping the engine, If it was high-speed on-the-go, you should run the engine about 20 seconds at low speed run, since the Turbo is still working. Only when the engine is running, a sufficient lubrication is ensured. It is also important to note that only the manufacturer's specified Oil should be used.

What Defects can occur in the turbocharger?Most of the Defects in the turbocharger due to insufficient lubrication. The risk here is that the compressor or turbine wheel rubbing against the Housings and the engine is affected. A further danger of Oil contamination or foreign bodies by a defective air filter. Thus, the turbine and compressor wheels may be damaged and, finally, the bearing of the turbocharger can be damaged. In General, in the case of unusual noises, oil Leaks, or vibrations of the turbocharger, the engine immediately shut off, otherwise the engine may be a threat of damage.

What is there in the repair of the turbocharger to be aware of?Repairs to the turbocharger should only be carried out by trained experts, as a rule, special tools and machines are necessary. If parts need to be replaced, it is important that only the requirements of the manufacturer, the same Material is used. In the worst case, only damage to the engine, but also will void the warranty, operating license and insurance protection, not to threaten.

Function of a VTG turbocharger in the Video:

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